Capsicum frutescens L. is used as drug and spice in Indian traditions. The drug (dried fruit), which is stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, counterirritant, antiseptic and rubeacient. The plants have also been used as folk remedies for dropsy, colic, diarrhea, asthma, arthritis, muscle cramps, and toothache. Consumption of red pepper may aggravate symptoms of duodenal ulcers. The present studies deal with detailed pharmacognostic studies and review related medicinal aspects of drug.