ء/أ-has been transliterated with elevated coma (’) if used in the mid or end of the word followed by a relevant vowel and this elevated coma is not expressed at the beginning and only related vowel has been used directly.

Letter ع is transliterated as elevated inverted comma (‘).

Letter و as an Arabic letter is transliterated as w and as Persian/Urdu letter is transliterated

as v.

ة and ہ are not expressed in both pauses and construct forms.

Article ال is transliterated as al- (’l- in construct form) whether followed by a moon or a sun letter.

و as a Persian/Urdu conjunction is transliterated as ( o ) and as Arabic conjunction is transliterated as wa-.

Short vowel (ِ۔ ِ) in Persian/Urdu passive or in conjunction form is transliterated as (-i).

Double letters have been expressed as follows:

​uww= ّو

iyy = ّی

Short & long vowels and Diphthongs are used in the following form: