Hepatitis C is the disease of liver caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Due to its widespread impact on human population, there is continued surge for new therapeutic agents to treat and reduce HCV. Hence, nowadays HCV is considered as global burden throughout the world. Advancements in therapeutic invention and clinical out- comes are dependent on HCV genome and diversity in nature, pathogenesis, dietary factors, social, economic and environmental factors. In this review we have focused mainly on HCV genome, its history and clinical outcomes from its discovery to present day research.

In this article the authors have reviewed the published data from year 1997 to 2014. The topics of main concerns were hepatitis C with diverse nature and recent advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The authors used MeSH terms “Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)”, recent advances in the treatment of “HCV”, “HCV and Immunity”, “vaccination”, or “Interferon therapy” to search the PubMed database.

All relevant studies identified were included and are described according to the subheadings. Recent advancement in molecular biology and experimental techniques has opened new insights into the pathophysi- ology of HCV which is helping in combating this life threatening disease.

Although the response to current treatment regimen for HCV is improved however complete recovery from the disease is still a challenge which requires more extensive studies from basic science research to large multicenter clinical trials.

Keywords: Hepatitis C; HCV; Inflammation; Therapeutic invention