The galls of Quercus infectoria are globular in shape and from 10 to 25 mm in diameter. They have a short, basal stalk and numerous rounded projections on the surface. Hard and heavy, usually sinking in water, they are collected for medicinal use before the escape of the insect. The green galls are preferred to the white variety, in which the tannin is said to have been partly decomposed. White galls also differ from the other grades in having a circular tunnel through which the insect has emerged. They have a very astringent taste. Turkish galls are vegetable growths formed on the young twigs of the dyer’s oak, Quercus infectoria, as a result of the deposition of the eggs of the gall-wasp Adleriagallae-tinctoriae. They are powerful astringent and styptic mainly because of the tannin content. Due to its astringent, tonic, antipyretic and styptic nature, it is useful in the infection of teeth and oral cavity, piles, acute diarrhea and dysentery and sprue, leucorrhoea and in colitis etc. The dry extract exhibits analgesic, hypoglycemic and sedative-hypnotic effect. The galls have been used in Unani Medicine (Tibb-e-Unani) and other Traditional Systems of Medicine from time immemorial. Keeping in view the medicinal importance of the drug, an attempt has been made in the present study to review the available literature on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Quercus infectoria Galls.